Dysménorrhée chez les élèves et étudiantes à Yaoundé : facteurs associés et aspects socioculturels

Introduction.: la dysménorrhée est une situation fréquente chez les femmes en âge de procréer. Elle affecte la qualité de vie des filles et est la principale cause d'absentéismes scolaires chez les adolescentes. Notre étude avait pour objectif d'analyser les facteurs associés à la dysménorrhée et les aspects psychosociaux de la dysménorrhée chez les élèves et étudiantes à Yaoundé. Méthodologie. L'étude était transversale analytique, réalisée dans 2 établissements secondaires et un établissement supérieur de la ville de Yaoundé, du 1er Décembre 2017 au 30 Juin 2018 soit une durée de 6 mois. Étaient incluses toutes les élèves et étudiantes âgées de 15 ans et plus, ayant leurs menstruations et au moins un niveau d'instruction de la classe de seconde. L'échantillonnage était stratifié en grappe de 2 niveaux dans l'un des établissements et consécutif dans un autre. Le rapport de côte a été utilisé pour rechercher les associations entre les variables et la valeur P ˂ 0,05 était considérée significative. Résultats. Parmi les 1059 participantes, 800 avaient des dysménorrhées soit une prévalence de 75,5%. La moyenne d'âge était de 18,88 ± 3,62 ans avec des extrêmes allant de 15 à 45 ans. Les facteurs de risque de la dysménorrhée étaient : indépendamment associés aux dysménorrhées étaient les antécédents familiaux de dysménorrhée [OR (IC à 95%) : 4,20(3,02-5,83)] et le stress [OR (IC à 95%) : 2,16(1,55-3,02] ; tandis que la durée des règles ≤ 3 jours [OR (IC 95%) : 0,31(0,12-0,82)] est un facteur protecteur. La dysménorrhée était considérée comme un sujet tabou par 23,6 % des participantes. Conclusion. Les antécédents familiaux de dysménorrhée et le stress sont des facteurs de risque de la dysménorrhée. Certaines personnes affectées préfèrent ne pas en parler. Nous recommandons de sensibiliser les femmes sur la dysménorrhée et les aider à lutter contre le stress

Evaluation of Antiulcer Properties of Ethanolic and hot Aqueous Stem Extracts of Synclisia Scabrida on Experimentally Induced Ulcer Models in Albino Mice

The treatment of peptic ulcer disease poses therapeutic challenges to both patients and physicians alike because of the tendency of ulcers to relapse. Drugs used in the treatment of this disease are either costly or are associated with high incidence of adverse effects. Synclisia scabrida is a plant used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various forms of stomach disorders and menstrual pains. The medicinal properties of the plants are claimed to reside in the roots; stems; and the leaves. Aim : This study; therefore; is to verify this claim and elucidate the probable mechanism of action by using crude stem extracts of this plant on drug- and stress-induced ulcer models in albino mice. Materials and Methods : Crude ethanol and hot water extracts; EE and HWE respectively; of the stem were prepared. These extracts were fractionated and separated by chromatographic methods and the fractions pooled together as fractions (PF-1; PF-2; PF-3 respectively) based on their chromatographic mobility and color reactions. Phytochemical analysis was done on the extracts. Ulcer models were induced in albino mice by means of indomethacin; histamine; and stress after prior cytoprotection with orally administered crude extracts and control (cimetidine). Results : Phytochemical analysis of the crude extracts and their fractions revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides (+++); tannins (+++); saponins (+); flavonoids (++); carbohydrates (++) and alkaloids (+++). Acute toxicity study on the crude extracts and their fractions revealed relative safety at the dose of 5000 mg/kg. The crude extracts (EE and HWE) and their fractions (PF-1; PF-2; PF-3) significantly (P = 0.001) protected against indomethacin-; histamine- and stress-induced ulcers. The decrease in GIT motility produced by these extracts was comparable to that produced by atropine sulfate. Conclusion : The findings suggest that these extracts of Synclisia scabrida possess antiulcer and antispasmodic properties; which justify the claims for its use in the treatment of various forms of stomach disorders

Menstrual Pain and Associated Factors amongst Undergraduates of Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma; Edo State; Nigeria

Background: We determined the prevalence of dysmenorrhoea and associated factors amongst undergraduates in a Nigerian university. Information on dysmenorrhoea amongst Nigerian populace is limited as it is seen as a norm and hence unreported. This is in spite of its consequences on women's socio-economic lives. Method: This was a prospective questionnaire-based study. Cluster sampling technique was used and tests of statistical significance were done using Yates corrected Chi square. Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhoea in this study was 76.3. The mean age at menarche was 13.8 years. Dysmenorrhoea occurred at menarche in 36.9respondents. Primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea was reported by 40.6and 16.3respondents respectively. Fifty one point nine per cent (51.9) had painful expectation of dysmenorrhoea. Having a sister with dysmenorrhoea did not have a statistically significant influence on expectation of dysmenorrhoea (CI 95; P value: 0.76). Normal activity was affected by dysmenorrhoea in 35of respondents while 68of those with dysmenorrhoea did not seek help. Hospital admission solely for dysmenorrhoea was reported by 6.9of respondents. Commonly associated symptoms with dysmenorrhoea were mood changes (59.4) and pimples (53.1). Conclusion: The high proportion of women not seeking help for dysmenorrhoea in this study may reflect the attitude of the larger society to the condition. Education to improve women's knowledge of and attitude to dysmenorrhoea is recommended

Menstrual Problems and Associated Factors among Students of Bahir Dar University; Amhara National Regional State; Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Introduction: Menstrual problems are the most common gynecologic complaints. The prevalence is highest in the 20 to 24-year-old age group and decreases progressively thereafter. They affect not only the woman; but also family; social and national economics as well. However; Population studies on Menstrual problems and associated factors were very little for university students in Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based quantitative cross-sectional study was employed at Bahir Dar University from October 14 to 20; 2010; Ethiopia. Stratified sampling technique was used and 491 study subjects were randomly selected from faculties. Only 470 respondents had given complete response for the self-administered questionnaire and were included in the final analysis. Data was entered and analyzed with SPSS version 16.0 windows. The main statistical method applied was logistic regression (unconditional) and both the classical bivariate and the multivariate analyses were considered. Results: : The prevalence of dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome were 85.1 and 72.8 ; respectively. The most contributing factors remained to be statistically significant and independently associated with dysmenorrhea were having menstrual cycle length of 21-35 days (AOR=0.16; 95 CI: 0.04; 0.71); family history of dysmenorrhea (AOR=3.80; 95 CI: 2.13; 6.78) and circumcision (AOR=1.84; 95CI: 1.001; 3.386) while with premenstrual syndrome were educational status of mothers being certified in certificate and beyond (AOR=0.45; 95 CI: 0.25; 0.83); living in Peda campus (AOR=2.11; 95 : 1.30; 3.45); having irregular menstruation (AOR=1.87; 95 CI: 1.17; 2.99) and family history of premenstrual syndrome (AOR=4.19; 95 CI: 2.60; 6.74). Conclusion: The prevalence of menstrual problems among students of Bahir Dar University was very high. Menstrual cycle length; family history of dysmenorrhea and circumcision were the most contributing factors associated with dysmenorrhea while educational status of mothers; regularity of menstruation; and family history of premenstrual syndrome were for premenstrual syndrome. Health education; appropriate medical treatment and counseling; should be accessible and persistently provided to the affected students by Bahir Dar University. Maximum effort is needed to eliminate circumcision by all levels and further steps that would enable females to join their college education should be applied

Dysmenorrhoea

Dysmenorrhoea is the leading cause of recurrent short-term school absence in adolescent girls and a common problem in women of reproductive age. Risk factors for dysmenorrhoea include nulliparity; heavy menstrual flow; smoking; and depression. Empiric therapy can be initiated based on a typical history of painful menses and a negative physical examination. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the initial therapy of choice in patients with presumptive primary dysmenorrhoea. Oral contraceptives and depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate also may be considered. If pain relief is insufficient; prolonged-cycle oral contraceptives or intravaginal use of oral contraceptive pills can be considered. In women who do not desire hormonal contraception; there is some evidence of benefit with the use of topical heat; the Japanese herbal remedy toki-shakuyaku-san; thiamine; vitamin E; and fish oil supplements; a low-fat vegetarian diet; and acupressure. If dysmenorrhoea remains uncontrolled with any of these approaches; pelvic ultrasonography should be performed and referral for laparoscopy should be considered to rule outsecondary causes of dysmenorrhea. In patients with severe refractory primary dysmenorrhoea; additional safe alternatives for women who want to conceive include transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation; acupuncture; nifedipine; and terbutaline. Otherwise; the use of danazol or leuprolide may be considered and; rarely; hysterectomy. The effectiveness of surgical interruption of the pelvic nerve pathways has not been established